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Basic Accounting for Non-Accountants 1/3   Message List  
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Basic Accounting for Non-Accountants

by Marlene Legaspi-Munar

http://www.febc.ph/stations/dzas/protips/index.html

 

 

Kahit hindi kayo accountant, kung kayo ay nagnenegosyo o self-employed, mahalagang

may alam kayo sa basic accounting. Accounting is the process of tracking what comes

in, what goes out, what remains, and where it remains. Ito ang paraan sa larangan ng

business para makita kung ano ang halaga ng perang pumasok sa isang kumpanya,

kung magkano ang nagasta, kung ilan ang natira at saan ito napunta. Kaya tinatawag

ang accounting as the language of business. Mahalaga ang accounting dahil ito ang

nagbibigay ng information, particularly quantitative and financial, na magagamit

naman sa iba’t ibang desisyon na makakaapekto sa takbo ng isang kumpanya, malaki

man o maliit.

 

Accounting as a process has four different functions. Apat ang gawain ng accounting,

and these are recording, classifying, summarizing, and interpreting. Ang recording ay ang pagsusulat ng lahat ng financial transaction sa mga journal. Halimbawa, nagbayad ka ng P800 para sa telephone bill ng iyong business. That is a financial transaction na dapat ilista sa journal. Ganoon din kapag nagpagawa ka ng billboard for your shop; advertising expense yan na dapat i-record. Kapag may nagbayad naman sa iyong kliyente in return for a service that you rendered or an item that you sold, you should also record it.

 

Another function of accounting is classifying. Ito naman ang paggugrupo ng mga financial transactions into their respective accounts. Accounts could be classified into assets, liabilities, capital, revenue, and expenses. Ang asset ay anumang bagay na may halagang pera. Dalawa ang karaniwang klase ng assets: ang current assets at plant assets. Ang current assets ay mga bagay o pag-aari na maaaring maging cash o mapakinabangan as cash sa loob ng isang taon na normal operation ng isang business. Kasama sa current assets ang cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, supplies at iba pang prepaid expenses. Ang plant assets o fixed assets naman ay mga permanenteng bagay tulad ng land and equipment. Ang liabilities naman ay mga pagkakautang sa mga creditors at tinatawag ding payables. Ang capital naman ay ang investment ng may-ari sa negosyo. Ang revenue ay ang kinita ng business owner at ang expenses ay ang mga gastusin.

 

Aside from recording and classifying, another function of accounting is summarizing. Pagkatapos ma-record at ma-classify ang mga transactions, sina-summarize ang mga ito para makabuo ng mga financial reports tulad ng income statement at balance sheet.

 

Pagkatapos makabuo ng mga financial reports, ina-analyze ang mga ito. This is another function of accounting called interpreting. Ang mga financial data ay inaanalyze nang sa gayon ma-evaluate at ma-control ang takbo ng negosyo. Nakakatulong ang mga reports para sa paggawa ng business plan. Sana’y maging responsible tayo sa negosyo o trabahong ipinagkatiwala sa atin ng Panginoon through an honest and careful accounting of our business. And let this good stewardship flow into other areas of our lives because we know that one day we will all give an account of ourselves to God. And then we shall receive from Him an eternal reward.



SHIELA S. VILLAMOR
Coastal Resource Management Program
City Agriculture Office, City Hall
5800 Roxas City, Capiz, PHILIPPINES
Telephone: +63 36 6215918 | Fax: +63 36 6212049 | Mobile: +639207076063


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Sun Nov 30, 2008 3:08 pm

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Basic Accounting for Non-Accountants by Marlene Legaspi-Munar http://www.febc.ph/stations/dzas/protips/index.html     Kahit hindi kayo accountant, kung kayo...
Shiela S. Villamor
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Nov 30, 2008
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