Early next year, Macquarie University will be hosting the National Strength
and Conditioning Exam (NSCA)in Sydney. This is an internationally recognised
certificate and is well respected in Strength and Conditioning circles.
If you would like further information, please email your details to

malcolm.boyes@...

Or check out the NSCA website www.nsca.com

Malcolm Boyes B.Phys Ed
Macquarie University Sports Association
Macquarie University
NSW 2109

fax: 02 9888 5179
Ph:  02 9850 9484

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Senior Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Physical Activity & Health Promotion

CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
CENTRAL QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY

The Centre for Social Science Research at Central Queensland University in
Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia invites applications for a postdoctoral
appointment in the area of physical activity and health promotion. This
position forms part of a multi-institutional collaborative research project
entitled "the development of a multi-strategy health promotion project
focussing on physical activity and social determinants of health". The
project is a community-based physical activity intervention study funded by
Health Promotion Queensland.

The project will develop, implement and evaluate an innovative
community-based, multi-strategy health promotion program on physical
activity (PA) and the social determinants of health. The overarching goal of
the project is to create a sustainable model of community based PA promotion
by working
with the Rockhampton community to increase capacity to address determinants
of physical activity. The aim of this program is to increase participation
in PA in the community, with the particular focus on sedentary people from
socially and economically disadvantaged groups.

The project is the driven by a large Health Promotion Advisory and
Evaluation Group and coordinated within the Rockhampton region through a
Local Physical Activity Task Force. The research team is made up of a group
of researchers from Central Queensland University, Queensland University of
Technology and University of Queensland.

The successful applicant must have a PhD in Health Promotion or Human
Movement Science or a related field with particular skills in the area of
public health. A background in successful project management and
population-based research would be advantageous.

This is a two-year fixed term full-time appointment at Senior Postdoctoral
Research Fellow Level B. The remuneration package will be in the range of
$50,370 to $59,814 per annum, including leave loading and employer
superannuation entitlements.

To obtain the position description and selection criteria please contact:
Dr. Kerry Mummery
School of Health & Human Performance
Central Queensland University
Rockhampton, QLD 4702.

Enquiries can be made to:
    Dr Mummery at CQU
       Tel: 07 4930 6749
       Email: <k.mummery@...> or
    Professor Wendy Brown at The University of Queensland
       Tel: 07 3365 6446
       Email: <wbrown@...>

Further information about CQU and UQ can be found on their web-sites at:
<http://www.cqu.edu.au> and <http://www.uq.edu.au>

Applications, including a curriculum vitae and written statements against
the selection criteria of the position description should be forwarded to
the Appointments Manager,
Personnel Services Division,
Central Queensland University,
ROCKHAMPTON QLD 4702

by no later than 4 pm Monday 15 October 2001.

Brendan Humphries, PhD.
Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Human Performance,
Central Queensland University,
Rockhampton, Queensland, AUSTRALIA, 4702.

Tel:  +61   07 49306752
Fax:  +61   07 49309871

e-mail:  b.humphries@...

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THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
DEPARTMENT OF EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE

ANNOUNCEMENT OF FACULTY POSITION
Position:       Assistant Professor of Exercise and Sport Science (Tenure
Track).  Begin July 1, 2002.

Qualifications: The Department of Exercise and Sport Science is seeking a
faculty member with an earned doctorate in exercise and sport science or
closely related field. The candidate should have an established line of
research with documented scholarly productivity related to metabolism,
demonstrate potential for attracting extramural funding, and exhibit a
strong commitment to excellence in teaching in exercise physiology.

Responsibilities:       The position will entail teaching undergraduate
courses in exercise science with regard to disease processes and exercise
prescription, and graduate courses related to the candidate's research
agenda; being involved in the graduate exercise physiology program
including directing master's and doctoral theses; publishing in scholarly
journals; and securing extramural funding.

Salary: Competitive and commensurate with qualifications.

Deadline For
Applications:   October 15, 2001, or until a qualified candidate is identified.

Application
Procedures:     Candidates should submit a letter of application,
curriculum vitae, reprints of up to three recently published articles, and
three letters of reference forwarded to:

          Janet M. Shaw
          Chair of Search Committee
          Department of Exercise and Sport Science
          University of Utah
          250 S. 1850 E., Room 241
          Salt Lake City, UT  84112-0920

Progressive and innovative, The University of Utah with an enrollment of
26,000, is a sophisticated, urban university in an unparalleled natural
setting, the foothills of the majestic Wasatch Mountains.  Established in
1850, it is the oldest state university west of the Missouri River.  A
faculty of 3,500 provides the stimulus for learning and achievement.  The
University offers programs of instruction and research in more than 65
academic disciplines at the undergraduate level.  Graduate degrees are
offered in 95 disciplines.

          The University of Utah is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Employer and Encourages Applications from Women and Minority Candidates

James C. Martin, PhD
Assistant Professor
The University of Utah
Department of Exercise and Sport Science
250 South 1850 East. Rm. 241
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0920
Voice 801-587-7704
Fax 801-585-3992
email  jim.martin@...

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I'm making a model based on power equations of cycling  (pursuit). To make
my model complete I need to calculate the air and rolling resistance. As
most modern tracks are made of wood, I need to know the rolling resistance
coefficient of wood, but I can't seem to find it anywhere. I have found
numbers for concrete and asphalt (0.003 and 0.004 resp.), but not for wood.
My only lead are some numbers mentioned at www.analyticcycling.com where for
wood 0.001 is mentioned, but the author can't specify where he got those
numbers from.

There is a possibility that something is mentioned in an article named:
"rolling resistance in cycling" by Kyle et al. (1985), published in
"Bicycling", but this magazine is not available anywhere in the Netherlands
and I do not know exactly what is in that article.

Any help would be appreciated,

Albert Smit
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
the Netherlands
Albert.Smit@...

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Dear List Member,

I have recently measured the VO2max and maximum "aerobic" running speed of
35 professional rugby players and found only very moderate correlations
between their VO2max and the speed thei can achieve at the last completed
stage (protocol used: 2 minute stages with 1km/h increment; grade 1%;
starting speed 11km/h).

Here are the correlation I got:
Last completed stage and VO2max (L/min): r=0.01
Last completed stage and VO2max (mL/kg/min): r=0.35
Last completed stage and VO2max (mL/kg^0.75/min): r=0.52
Last completed stage and body mass (kg): r=-0.57

Since it is common to read that relative VO2max (in mL/kg/min or
mL/kg^0,75/min) is highly correlated to the maximum running speed that can
be achieved by an athlete during a multistage protocol on treadmill, I am
quite puzzled by the low-to-moderate correlation coefficients observed
between the various expressions of VO2max and the maximum "aerobic" speed of
these professional athletes.

If anyone on the list has some comments regarding this phenomenon I would
greatly appreciate his/her help.

Thank you,

François Gazzano

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Please include this in your next listing:

Graduate Assistantships:  Ithaca College offers graduate assistantships
for students pursuing M.S. in Exercise and Sport Sciences.  Studies are
available in exercise physiology, physical education, and sport
psychology.  Assistantships are awarded on a two semester basis, involve
up to 15 hours per week of duties, and are available in numerous
exercise science related areas including laboratory assistants,
coaching, and athletic training.  Graduate Assistantships include salary
and tuition waiver.  Contact:  Dr. G.A. Sforzo, Graduate Program in ESS,
Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY  14850-7190, 607-274-3359, or email,
sforzo@....  Also check out our website at
http://www.ithaca.edu/hshp/ess/ess-grad

Thankyou ---Lindsey

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Hi All,

I am sure that many of you read Will Hopkins article last year at
Sportsci.org where he listed all the Sport Science and related
journals with their impact factors, but if you like me now use a
bibilographic manager then you need to have a style sheet for each
journal. Most of this type of software comes with several pre-
installed styles but I have found that many of the journals that we
commonly use are not listed. Therefore I propose that if you have
created a style for one of the journals on Will's list for either
Reference Manager of Endnote could you e-mail it to me and I will
collate all the responses I have and work with Will to make this one
of the resources available at www.sportsci.org.
Please make sure that the style is accurate we dont want to run
the wrath of the journal editors.

Richard

Dr Richard Davison
Department of Sport, Exercise and Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Health and Social Science
Park Square
Luton
Bedfordshire
LU1 3JU
Tel: +44 1582 743493
Fax: +44 1582 489212
Mobile: +44 7967657235
E-mail: richard.davison@...

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Hi list,
is anyone able to sent me the following articles.

BENJAMIN, B./ROTH, P.: Warming up versus stretching. Running Times 34, 1979,
15 - 21.
ISSN 0147 - 2968
Boston, Mass.

KERNER, J.A./D'ÁMICO, J.L.: A statistical analysis of a group of runners.
Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association 73, 1983, 160 - 164.

GLICK, J.M.: A study of ligamentous looseness in football players and its
relation to injury. Abbott Proceedings 1, 1971, 34 - 39.

It's impossible for me to get them in any ways here in germany to finish a
meta analysis about stretching and injury prophylaxis.

Greetings
F. Marschall


Dr. Franz Marschall
Sportwissenschaftliches Institut
Arbeitsbereich Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft
Universität des Saarlandes
Geb. 39.3
D-66041 Saarbrücken
Fon 49 - 681 - 3024173
Fax 49 - 681 - 3024915
f.marschall@...

Privat
Am Guckelsberg 2
66125 Saarbrücken
fmarschall@...

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In these dark times for humanity, here's a bit of light relief.

To: editor@...
Subject: Free Energized Running Shirt

Swentana, a Columbia, MD Healer has offered hundreds of athletes (distance
runners) an attractive energized shirt at no cost.  She also pays the
postage and handling fees---the transaction costs you nothing!  Initial
results show that 85% of the replies are positive as to these shirts
ability to energize the runners that have used them!

She seeks an honest opinion of her shirts, i.e., athletes use the shirt in
their training and tell her what affect it had on their progress, personal
strength, mental attitude, etc.  Her purpose is to develop an integrity
file of what the shirt can do for serious athletes---many of her patients
use these garments. The athlete s name or affiliation is not used or
associated with the information they provide.  The T-shirt provided is made
100% domestic cotton and it has no special chemicals, additives, etc.  The
shirts are like what you might buy locally.  The difference is that she has
energized them with her own energy.  Yet, they look, smell, and feel the
same as any ordinary cotton T-shirt.  From our reports there are a good
number of runners giving these shirts credit for their improved performance.

We know this testing protocol is not science.  We tell people that the
shirt is energized and suggest what it might do for them.  No doubt they
use the shirt with the expectation that it will do something good for
them.  As stated, most confirm the energy giving aspect of the garment and
others are just as sure that they have felt nothing unusual.  Swentana
expected this kind of result.  The best part of this exercise is that the
majority of these people feel they do benefit from the shirt and it enabled
them to exceed their limits in some way---either by having more energy,
accelerated injury recovery, etc.

You can Email Swentana at oneill@... and she will answer questions
and send you a shirt based on the stipulations herein.  In requesting a
Miracle Shirt provide you name, organization, full street address, and
shirt size (S, M, L, or XL)---maximum of two shirts per organization.  She
only asks that the wearer of the shirt report what they feel from the
experience of training in this shirt.

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A constituent of chocolate that has been suggested as a possible cause of
'chocoholism' (addiction to chocolate) is also being touted as a possible
cause of the feelings of euphoria ("runner's high") experienced by many
runners.

It would be interesting if the same chemical--phenylethylamine--did turn out
to be responsible for encouraging both running (which is associated with low
body weight and high physical fitness) and bingeing on chocolate (which is
more likely to be associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle than with
fitness).

Source:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_1565000/1565230.stm

Complete transcript is below my signature block

Chris Forbes-Ewan

Task Coordinator, Nutrition
Defence Nutrition Research Centre
76 George St
SCOTTSDALE  Tas  7260
AUSTRALIA

Phone: Int + 61 3 6352 6607 (03 6352 6607 in Australia)
Fax:     Int + 61 3 6352 3044 (03 6352 3044 in Australia)

E-mail: chris.forbes-ewan@...

The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and should
not be taken to represent the official position of the Defence Science and
Technology Organisation or of the Australian Department of Defence


>From BBC Science/Tech - online (27 Sep 01):

Scientists may have identified a chemical which could explain why exercise
is an anti-depressant. Until now, it has not been clear why exercise has
that effect. But, doctors from Nottingham Trent University suggest the
chemical phenylethylamine could play a part.

Phenylethylamine is a naturally produced chemical that has been linked to
the regulation of physical energy, mood and attention. An enzyme changes the
chemical into phenylacetic acid. There is evidence that levels of both
substances are low in the biological fluids of depressed patients. In what
are thought to be the first attempts to test the effects of exercise on
levels of the chemical, the researchers found, overall, levels of the acid
increased by 77% after exercise.

Exercise

Twenty healthy men, with an average age of 22 were tested. All regularly did
around four hours of moderate to hard aerobic and
anaerobic exercise each week. Before the study began, they refrained from
exercise for a day, and a urine test was done to check for levels of
phenylacetic acid, the most accurate measurement of the chemical. The next,
the men exercised on a treadmill at 70% of their maximum heart rate capacity
for 30 minutes. Doctors chose that level because mood changes are commonly
reported at that level. The men were also asked to rate how hard they had
found the exercise. When urine levels were checked, it was found
phenylacetic acid levels were increased in 18 out of the 20 participants.
Though the average increase in levels was 77%, the increases in individuals
ranged from 14 to 572%. But the highest rises were seen in two out of the
three who had rated the exercise as hard.

Research possibilities

The research team say though there may be many factors involved in the
phenylacetic acid response, because its chemical structure is very similar
to that of amphetamines, it may be that this chemical is part of a "runner's
high", a phenomenon linked to natural endorphin activity in the brain. They
suggest phenylacetic acid could also be important because it can cross from
the blood to the brain, something endorphins cannot do.

Dr Ellen Billet, who was one of the team of researchers from Nottingham
Trent who carried out the research, told BBC News Online: "We felt there may
be an effect of exercise on phenylethylamine." GPs can prescribe a drug
based on the chemical which is known to have beneficial effects on patients.
Dr Billet said: "We also know that moderate exercise has these beneficial
effects. "So we wondered 'what if this was how exercise works'". She said
more research needed to be done to develop their initial finding, including
why different people's phenylethylamine levels are affected in different
ways by exercise and if different kinds of exercise have the same effects.
But she said people should still exercise, because of its benefits on both
mental and physical health.

"This could be used as and adjunct." A spokeswoman for the mental health
charity Mind said: "Physical exercise has a valid place in the treatment and
prevention of some mental health problems. "In a recent Mind survey of
Cannons gym users, 75 % said they exercised to reduce their stress levels
and 67% said they used exercise to maintain their mental health, like
lifting 'low' moods. "Mind is calling for all GPs to offer exercise sessions
on prescription to patients with mental health problems, particularly as we
know that most people with mental health problems don't know this non-drug
'treatment' option exists."

The research was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.



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hello,

I want to share a story with the group and i don't do so with any intention
to insult, just as an observation of the fitness industry.
I am a member at a gold's gym near me and go there regularly for workouts.
I have an acquaintence that i see from time to time (and i'm normally
friendly with lots of other members). This acquaintence requested some
personal training services from me after we had spoken about some things and
i helped him out.  I told him i would check and see what their specific
policy is about p/t and if it would be a problem since i was not an
employee.
Some days later, after speaking on the phone a number of times with (who i
gathered) was the director of fitness. We met up to talk about things.
She had requested that i bring a resume and proof of certification; no
problem i said. when we met, i showed her the cert right up front and said
to her "have a look, and we can talk further".  She was very nice and looked
at the certification...she studied it and asked with a somewhat squinting
expression "who are the N.....S.....C........A" in an obvious
effort-to-decipher kind of way.
Now, at that point, i wasn't sure what to think...i didn't want to be
rude...i said "you're joking, right?" (totally thinking it was a joke
despite her bewildered look).  She continued and said "no, i've never heard
of them". I continued..."pardon me, but how many years have you been in the
fitness business?".....she replied "11 years".
I won't bother with the rest of the conversation, but it ended smoothly. i
made no big deal.
This was a woman who was responsible for hiring new personal trainers, and
who eventually explained to me that personal training ONLY situations-
without any floor hour shifts (as they say) for $7.50/hr - was not the way
they worked.
I don't know who i felt more sorry for, that woman, or my friend who may be
hooking up with a personal trainer she hires. I don't mean to suggest that
the NSCA is so outrageously famous that you're totally out of touch to not
be aware of them, but in the personal training business,....well, i'll leave
it at that.

Thanks for your time,
Scott Naidus BS, CSCS, Strength Machine Engineer

_________________________________________________________________
Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp

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I keep telling people not to use abbreviations!

Will

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to: exercise physiology list serve


I was given this address as a contact for posting faculty search
positions for access by individuals seeking employment opportunities.

If my information was correct would you please post the following:

Position:  Department Chair, at Associate or Professor level with tenure.

Place: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
	 3801 W. Temple Ave,
	 Pomona, California

Dept.:  Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion


Position Title and Description:
	 The chairperson will provide effective leadership for a
diverse department in academic instruction, strategic planning,
program planning, curriculum development; research and service;
management of budget, enrollment, and facilities; supervise, and
evaluate diverse faculty and staff within the department; make
hiring, retention, and promotion decisions and represent the
department to the college, university, and community.  A collegial
style that fosters collaboration and communication is essential.

Closing date: November 16, 2001

Contact: Bruce Coulter
	 becoulter@...
	 (909) 869-2792

Thank you for any assistance you be provide.

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The Dutch Association for Exercise Physiology (VIF) organise on Saturday 1
December 2001 an international symposium called [Geniale InspanninGen] which
highlights the role between genetics and exercise.

Venue: Jaarbeurs, Utrecht, the Netherlands (close to Utrecht central
railways station and only 45 min by train from Amsterdam Airport)

Program
09.00 ­ 09.30  Registration
09.30 ­ 09.45  Opening
09.45 ­ 10.30  Genes in relation to increases in bodymass
10.30 ­ 11.15  Dr Benny Almann-Larsen (Netherlands)
    Genes and osteoporosis
11.15 ­ 11.45  Pauze
11.45 ­ 12.30  Dr Martine Thomis (Belgium)
    Genes and Muscle strength
12.30 ­ 13.30  Lunch
13.30 ­ 14.15  Dr David Woods (UK)
    ACE gene polymorpism and exercise
14.15 ­ 15.00  Dr Tuomo Rankinen (USA)
   Family studies, genes and performance
15.00 ­ 15.15  Pauze
15.15 ­ 16.00  Dr Henrik Larsen (Denemark)
   Why are Kenyan runners so dominant?
16.00 ­ 16.45  Dr Peter Schjerling (Denemark)
   Gene doping
16.45 ­ 17.00  Closing remarks
17.00 ­ 17.30  Drinks

If you are interested to attend this meeting, please contact Dr Marieke van
den Oord, Vasco da Gamastraat 61 hs, 1057 VJ  Amsterdam, the Netherlands
e-mail: marieke@....
More informatie (in dutch) is available at our website
http://www.inspanningsfysiologie.org

More information on hotels and rates in Utrecht visit:
http://www.hotel-rates.com/hotel_chain/Utrecht?Netherlands/Netherlands/HI
OR
http://www.travelnow.com/hotels/hotnetlist.jsp?city=Utrecht&stateProvi
nce=&country=Nl&hotelName=&arrivalMonth=-1&arrivalDay=-1&departureMont
h=-1&departureDay=-1&numberOfAdults=-1&mode=1&showPopUpMap=false

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Hello fellow exercise scientists,

Here is a Friday afternoon "clinical case study" for you.  Call it
"grand rounds" in the exercise physiology lab if you will.

Today, I tested a young runner (not yet 15 years old) who is one of the
biggest talents in Norway in his age group.  This boy is nearly 15 with
the body of a 12 year-old in terms of size. He weighs only 36kg (about
80 pounds), and is 152 cm tall (almost 5 feet) .  He is tiny, but has
the body of an elite endurance athlete, a truly amazing world class
athlete's body, in a micro-sized package.  He has been to groth
specialist and told that he is way pre-pubertal and at a 12 year-old
stage for bone growth. He should end up about 6 feet tall.  Thomas is a
very talented runner and highly motivated.  He has broken 9 minutes for
3000 meter during a one man time trial, and run 5:50 for 2000 meters.
More impressively, he is destroying fields several years older in
cross-country races (in Norway cross-country means running in the
forest, through the mud and up any climb that is not vertical).

Now here is where you guys come in.  I have occasion to test some pretty
good endurance athletes in the age group 16-19, due to my work with
local sports teams here in southern Norway.  I have tested several of
Norway' s very best teenage cross country skiers (VO2 max 77 to 80 ml/kg
at age 17).  Among all the talented endurance athletes I have tested in
the last several years, the young boy I tested today stands out as a one
of a kind in my career.

Today, I tested young Thomas using a ramp protocol at only 1% grade to
determine VT1 and VT2 in a format comparable to track running.  Then
after a rest, he performed a second shorter ramp protocol at 10%
incline, increasing 1km/t per minute to exhaustion to determine VO2 max
and max heart rate. We used the high incline to avoid having him run
over 23 km/hr on the treadmill, since he was a bit scared of it.  He is
in peak condition, and has won a good number of races against older
competition.  Bottom line: His VO2 max was 89 ml/min/kg.  OK, actually
it was 90 for the last 30 seconds. It was 89  when averaged over the
last 90 seconds. The test was performed on a Jaeger Oxycon PRO in breath
by breath mode. Max values are based on 30 second averages.  I have no
reason to suspect any problem with the measurements.  We have performed
at least 35 ramp tests in the last few weeks, and the data are highly
consistent in every way and calibrations are spot on.  So, I believe the
numbers are reasonable (plus/minus 2 ml/min/kg).  However, his per kg
oxygen consumption relative to running velocity is over predicted values
for normal sized adults.  So, according to the table I use, he comes out
pretty inefficient. But, watching him run makes me figure there are
major scaling issues at play here.

What I wish to discuss is WHAT DO THESE DATA MEAN?  Thomas is obviously
a talent.  We know that.  But, where does allometric scaling come in
when we test such an "undersized" yet highly trained athlete?  I am used
to measuring talented teenage athletes weighg 70-80 kg with an absolute
VO2 of 5 to 6 liters.  This tiny tike's absolute max was only 3.3 l/min
(at a VE of 102 l/min), a quite pedestrian value were he only 20-30 kg
heavier!  These results are scary to discuss with a young teenager who
is truly possesed with training and becoming a great runner.  He already
has the relative VO2 max of a world champion. His second ventilatory
threshold (VT2) breaks at nearly 80 ml/kg! He takes a few hard breaths
after two hard tests and looks totally unaffected.  He idolizes the
Kenyans.  In 10 years will they be idolizing him?

After today's test and a previous one from the off-season (81 ml/kg), I
have already began to explain to him that the likely effect of growth
and continued training will be a small reduction in relative VO2, but
continued improvement in performance as he gains a bigger absolute
engine, longer stride length, more anaerobic capacity etc.  His extremly
high ventilatory threshold can't be expected to change much.  I don't
think he owns a fast twitch fiber, except maybe in his face, which
smiles rapidly.  Is his per kg VO2 max peaked out at age 14?

Partly, this is just a curious story for a Friday evening.  But, there
are questions here related to 1)allometric scaling and 2) guiding a
prodigy.  The boy's coaches are extremely careful with his training
load. He will not be a burn-out victim.  In fact, he would no doubt be
faster for 3000 meters if he was allowed to train at higher intensities.

Are there any coaches or physiologists who have similar experiences with
testing young, undersized, hyper- talented endurance athletes?  This
little guy's numbers just make me shake my head and wonder what might
happen with him down the road when he body grows into his potential, or
how he could possibly be fooling my high dollar metabolic cart?

regards,

Stephen Seiler

--------
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I would be grateful if this opportunity could be included in one of
your next digests.

                           Woolwich Campus

                     LECTURER/SENIOR LECTURER IN
                      SPORTS/EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
                              (Ref 461)

You will contribute to teaching and research in the School of Chemical &
Life Sciences in advanced human and sports/exercise physiology.
Experience in the areas of exercise prescription/exercise
physiology/rehabilitation will be particularly advantageous.

Salary £17998 - £34569  per annum inclusive.

We aim to be an equal opportunities employer and welcome applications
from all sections of the community.

To receive further particulars and application form contact the Personnel
Department, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG
(Email: Jobs@...) to whom completed applications should be
returned by 19 October 2001. Please quote the above reference number.




Dr Mark A Goss-Sampson
Principal Lecturer
Sports and Exercise Sciences
University of Greenwich
London SE18 6PF

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Biomechanical Solutions was inaccessible for a short time, but we wanted to
let you know we have redesigned and are transferring over most of the
information from the old site.  We also have the opportunity to offer
complete video and digital camera based 3D motion systems starting at only
$15,000.  They are complete systems including the cameras, tripods, lights,
markers, computer and monitors, etc. and come with 3D figures or skeletons
(and of course all the data).  All that's needed is a calibration cube and
subjects!

In addition, digital analysis systems with full Gait analysis module, EMG
capabilities, and AMTI Force Plate start at only $50,000.

Please check them out here http://biomechanicalsolutions.com or
http://www.biomechanicalsolutions.com

For questions, please contact us at mailto:sales@...

Robert Heppe
Biomechanical Solutions

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>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Lecturer /Senior Lecturer in Biomechanics
School of Health and Human Performance
Faculty of Arts, Health and Sciences
CQU Rockhampton
Full Time, Tenurable

Salary:  Lecturer, Level B - $50 370 to $59 814 per annum
           Senior Lecturer, Level C - $61 702 to $70 961 per annum

The School of Health and Human Performance offers undergraduate and
postgraduate degrees and/or specialisations in Human Movement Science and
Occupational Health and safety in both internal and external mode across a
number of campuses.

Research interests include physical activity and it's role in health
promotion, ergonomics, mental health and exercise, thermoregulation in
sport and the workplace, sport and exercise psychology, sports
performance, and the industrial athlete.  The School is committed to
on-line teaching and learning, has a strong link to relevant regional
industry and is a leader in graduate placement. The School has a small
number of highly committed staff, possesses high staff morale, and is
dynamic.

Applications are called for a Lecturer/Senior Lecturer in Biomechanics at
the Rockhampton campus of Central Queensland University, commencing 1
February 2002.  The successful applicant will be hard working, ambitious,
and able to work well both individually and in a team environment.

Applicants for this position should quote Vacancy Reference Number
2001/147 and should submit 6 copies of their application to the
Appointments Manager, Personnel Services, CQU Rockhampton, 4702  no later
than 2 November 2001.

Applicants to these positions must complete an Application Cover Sheet,
address the Selection Criteria and refer to the Position Description which
can be obtained through the Personnel Services World Wide Web Page
<www.cqu.edu.au/personnel/cquvacancies.htm> or by leaving your despatch
details on the 24 hour automated line ext 9974.

Applications should be addressed to reach the Appointments Manager,
Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, by the close date.

CQU is an Equal Opportunity Employer and welcomes diversity in the workplace

Further enquiries regarding the position description and selection
criteria should be directed to Peter Reaburn PhD, Head of School of Health
and Human Performance, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Q. 4702,
Australia, Ph:  07 4930 6748, Fax: 07 4930 6875 or email
p.reaburn@...


Brendan Humphries, PhD.
Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Human Performance,
Central Queensland University,
Rockhampton, Queensland, AUSTRALIA, 4702.

Tel:  +61   07 49306752
Fax:  +61   07 49309871

e-mail:  b.humphries@...


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Hi folks,

I need to measure force production during a rowing stroke on the concept II
ergometer. The force transducer will be connected in series between the
chain and handle. Peak force under these conditions won't exceed 1000N.
Can anyone direct me toward firms with an appropriate transducer for this
application?  I have signal processing hardware and software already
available.

Thanks in advance,

Stephen Seiler
Stephen Seiler PhD
Associate professor
Institute for Sport
Agder University College
Service box 422
4604 Kristiansand S, Norway

email: Stephen.Seiler@...
phone: (47) 381 41 347
fax    (47) 381 41 301

Endurance performance physiology website:
http://home.hia.no/~stephens/index.html

Sportscience News and journal website:
http://www.sportsci.org

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Dear Loren,

The different types of ICC have been discussed in a paper relavent to
sports science by Atkinson and Nevill (1998; Sports Medicine 26:
217-238). The major decision influencing choice is whether one considers
any systematic error (e.g. learning effects on trails) as a separate
issue from random error or not. A paper which provides a full discussion
of ICC, although not applied to sport science, is Muller and Buttner
(1994: Staistics in Medicine 13: 2465-2476).

Hope this helps,

Greg Atkinson
University of Durham

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Hi there,

Is there a general rule of thumb about the comparison of Max VO2 values
measured on a bike vs measured on a treadmill?  I am referring to general
population values.  I seem to remember a study of elite cyclists that
showed that they were really close (even greater??) to their treadmill
values but my understanding is that normally the values attained during a
treadmill test will be significantly higher than those from a bike test.

Any advice/information would be appreciated.

joe baker

##########################################

Joe Baker
School of Physical and Health Education
Queen's University
Kingston, ON
email: 9jrb@...
phone: 613 533 6000 ext 74699

##########################################

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Thanks to Stephen Seiler, Mary Anne Wallace and Sam Callan for commenting on
my (not very well thought out) message last week on female marathon running
times. Stephen's message seems to sum up the situation:

"I really don't understand all the fuss. The women's marathon world record
(like most World records for females) was unchanged for 15 years. Now in
the last year it has edged down 2 minutes via 2 performances. So, since
1985 the record has gone from 2:21 and change (Ingrid Kristiansen) to
~2:19. The men's record during that time period has dropped from 2:08.??
(Derek Clayton) and change to 2:05.42 via ~3 record changes. So, I see no
basis for an argument that the marathon gender gap is changing in a
systematic way.

"As for ultra events, if you actually go in and look at the data for events
ranging from 50k through 24 hours (World Records or World Bests) then you
find that the gap is more than 10% all the way across the board.

"It would be great fun to discuss "the endurance advantage in females",  but
the actual performance data does not support it. Pick a sport. The one
exception I have ever seen was ocean ultra endurance swimming where a few
female swimmers, with a (higher bodyfat percentage) seemed to out perform
even the best males, perhaps in part due to better core temperature
stability(?) under these brutal conditions."


Stephen also has an article that indicates a WIDENING of the gap between
male and female running times generally in the 1990s, most likely because of
more stringent testing for anabolic steroids. The article is at:

http://sportsci.org/news/news9705/gengap.html

Chris Forbes-Ewan

Task Coordinator, Nutrition
Defence Nutrition Research Centre
76 George St
SCOTTSDALE  Tas  7260
AUSTRALIA

Phone: Int + 61 3 6352 6607 (03 6352 6607 in Australia)
Fax:     Int + 61 3 6352 3044 (03 6352 3044 in Australia)

E-mail: chris.forbes-ewan@...

The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and should
not be taken to represent the official position of the Defence Science and
Technology Organisation or of the Australian Department of Defence

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Readvertised post:

The School for Health at the University of Durham, is seeking to appoint
an innovative and enthusiastic individual in the area of
Health and Exercise.

The successful candidate will be expected to contribute to the School's
national and international reputation through demonstration of a strong
research profile, evidence of high quality teaching and proven experience
in administrative roles.

Further details can be found at
http://www.dur.ac.uk/Personnel/vacancies/A1516.html


Dr. Greg Atkinson
School for Health
University of Durham

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Thanks to all who replied regarding the topic.  Following the original
message is the summary of replies I've received.  I also found the
following article to be helpful.

Baumgartner, T.A., and H. Chung. (2001). Confidence Limits for
Intraclass Reliability Coefficients.  Measurement in Physical Education
and Exercise Science, 5(3):179-188.

Original message:
The current convention for assessing reliability is to use an
intra-class correlation (ICC).  In Thomas & Nelson's, and Baumgartner &
Jackson's books, they give calculations for the ICC using values from
the ANOVA table.  However, they only discuss one model of the ICC,
whereas, there are 3 models and 2 versions per model.  We've been using
SPSS 10.0 to run our ICCs, and again, there are these 3 models and 2
versions/model to choose from.

The questions are, which model is appropriate, and why do none of the
sports science related articles or books discuss the different types of
ICCs?

With our research, we are assessing the inter- and intra-day reliability
of an isometric force and EMG testing apparatus.  We've collected
multiple inter- and intra-day trials with a moderate sample size.  From
the trials, we've isolated 9 variables which we'd like to assess the
reliability for.

Following the guidelines of Yaffee
(http://www.nyu.edu/its/socsci/docs/intracls.htm), I believe that the
appropriate model is the (1,k) or one-way random with average measure
reliability.

Thomas & Nelson also suggest that Cronbach's alpha, when run on
continuous data in this type of scenario (test-retest) gives a
coefficient equivalent to an ICC.  Any thoughts?  We've run the ICC(1,k)
and alpha and have comparable coefficients from both models.

*************************************

Ian Shrier <ishrier@...>:
the article that I found explains this is very well is:
1. Shrout PE. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater
reliability.  Psychological Bulletin 86: 420-428, 1979.

*************************************

"Carlos Ugrinowitsch" <ugrinowitsch@...>:
You are right. In reality your ICC has to match your ANOVA model. Shrout
& Fleiss (1979) and Lahey et al. (1983) addressed this problem. You can
use a 2,1 model where the different days are considered as “judges” (in
Lahev’s model) MSq, or your grouping variable, subjects MSq the between
factor and all others MSqs as error. However, if you want to be more
liberal you can consider day interactions as part of the “judges” (days)
Msq.

  <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

If my answer does not make sense here is the reference
Lahey, Downey, Saal. Intraclass correlations: There’s more there than
meets the eye.  Psychological Bulletin. V.93, n.3, p.586-595, 1983.

*************************************

Garry T Allison <gta@...>:
I have had multiple hours of discussion about ICCs for reliability
data.  There are pros and cons for each one  - just to add a further
dimension to the question /
problem.

1. If you are trying to examine the utility of the testing protocol in a
clinical sense then the ICC should be reported with an estimation of the
SEM (Standard Error of the Measure [not s.e.m]). This provides a value
in the units of measure that allows readers to understand the degree of
error and therefore apply it to different clinical test situations.

2. From above -   you can state what is clinically significant then your
are half way there to show that the instrument has the ability to detect
a meaningful difference - independent of the errors associated with test
[re-test] situations. i.e the test is relatively repeatable -> reliable.

3. Calculating an ICC for EMG amplitude data (where electrodes are
removed) is probably more about amplitude normalisation - because the
normalisation protocol essentially forces the data processing into a
within subject design where derived variables are normalised to a
standard output for each test occasion. The normalisation process
however may increase the variance in the data - I published some work on
this ages ago...1993, 1998. see below.

As for the actual question.
Shrout et al suggest the (1,k)  and I have used it in one rater more
experimental situations.
In clinical studies I have a student who convinced me to use the (2,k)
model where we had single and  multiple raters. (Portney and Watkins
1993).. I will read the replies with interest.

1.Allison GT, Marshall RN,Singer KP: EMG signal amplitude normalization
technique in stretch-shortening cycle movements. Journal of
Electromyography and Kinesiology. 3:236 - 244,1993
2.Allison GT, Godfrey P,Robinson G: EMG signal amplitude assessment
during abdominal bracing and hollowing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol
8:51-57.,1998
1.Portney L,Watkins M: eds. Foundations of Clinical Research:
Applications to practice. Appleton and Lange: Conneticut. 1993

*************************************

Reed Ferber <reedferb@...>:
Two good sources to look at are:

Denegar, C.R. & Ball, D.W.  (1993).  Assessing reliability and precision
of measurement: An introduction to ICC and SEM. Journal of Sport
Rehabilitation, 2, 35-42

Muller, R. & Buttner, P. (1994).  A critical discussion of ICC.
Statistics in Medicine, 13, 2465-2476.

*************************************

Gregory Atkinson gregory.atkinson@...:
The different types of ICC have been discussed in a paper relavent to
sports science by Atkinson and Nevill (1998; Sports Medicine 26:
217-238). The major decision influencing choice is whether one considers
any systematic error (e.g. learning effects on trails) as a separate
issue from random error or not. A paper which provides a full discussion
of ICC, although not applied to sport science, is Muller and Buttner
(1994: Staistics in Medicine 13: 2465-2476).

*************************************

Loren Chiu
Graduate Assistant
Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory
Human Performance Laboratories
The University of Memphis

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Loren's question was about which form of the intraclass correlation to
use.  Intraclass correlation is a way of representing the similarity of
repeated measurements (trials) on a bunch of subjects.  You can also use it
to represent similarity between twins, where you think of each pair of
twins as a pair of measurements on the same subject.

All intraclass correlations have the same definition:
    ICC = [(between-subject variance)-(within-subject
variance)]/(between-subject variance), where variance means the square of
the standard deviation.  Differences arise depending on how you define
between-subject standard deviation and within-subject standard
deviation.  For all applications in experimental research, you want the
between-subject standard deviation to be the standard deviation you would
expect to observe between subjects in any one of the trials.  You want the
within-subject standard deviation to be the expected variation of any
subject's values from trial to trial, after you have accounted for any
systematic shift in the mean of all subjects between trials.  You want
these forms of the between and within, because your ICC is then applicable
to estimation of sample size for repeated-measures designs (that is, time
series, crossovers, and controlled trials).  If you use these forms, the
correlation you get has a value similar to that of a Pearson correlation
between a pair of trials.  In fact, the ICC and the Pearson have the same
value for an infinite sample size.  For samples of 10 or so, they are
usually the same to two decimal places.  The ICC is the more accurate of
the two, because it is unbiased (that is, the average value of the
statistic is not affected by sample size).  In the terminology of Shrout
and Fleiss, the ICC you want is the (2,k), as I recall.

I think it's more simple to use the within-subject standard deviation
directly for your deliberations about sample size.  Also, the
within-subject standard deviation can be interpreted directly as error of
measurement.

Loren has several levels of repeated measurements:  several on one day,
several on the next day.  He can estimate a within-subject standard
deviation between trials on the same day and between trials on different
days.  And he can do the latter for single trials on each day or for the
mean of two or more trials on each day.  If a judge, tester, or measuring
instrument chosen at random introduces error, there are ways of estimating
that error and factoring it into his deliberations.  It all depends on what
he wants to do with his measurements.  It's best to do it all by estimating
various standard deviations.  If you then want to combine them into
correlations, use the generic formula I gave above.

I explain most of this stuff in my Sports Med paper on reliability
(Hopkins, 2000).  I also deal with some of it at my stats site
(http://newstats.org).

The other people who responded to Loren seem to be on track, in my opinion.

Will

Hopkins WG (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science.
Sports Medicine 30, 1-15

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The Medical and Research Committee of the European Triathlon Union should
like to update its contact list for coaches, exercise physiologists, sports
psychologists, sports scientists, doctors, physiotherapists, sports
dieticians etc working in the field of triathlon and its component sports.

If you should like to be included in the new list, please send the following
details to Veronica Vleck on Veronica@... before November 01,
2001.

Name:
Profession: (e.g. coach, sports scientist, biomechanist)
Qualifications: (e.g. M.Sc., Ph.D)
Accreditation (with expiry date): (e.g. British Olympic Association
accredited)
Professional organisation : (e.g. Staffordshire University, Portuguese
Triathlon Federation)

Contact address:
Contact telephone (with hours available):
Contact fax (s):
Contact e-mail(s):

Brief resumme of experience and area of interest (no more than 100 words).

Thank you

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