List Members,
	 As a biochemistry student, the best text I have come across is Tietz
Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (Eds Burtis, C. A. and Ashwood, E. R.), WB
Saunders Publishing. The text has everything from basic clinical science,
reference ranges and conversion tables for most units

Regards,

Robert Stanton
P. O. Box 356
Rockhampton
Queensland, 4700

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McArdle, W.D., et al, Exercise Physiology. Energy, Performance, and Human
Performance, 4th edition.  Williams  &Wilkins, Baltimore. 1996 contains
about 600 conversion factors in Appendix 7 for use in exercise physiology
(also about 50 conversions in clinical hematology and clinical chemistry,
including cholesterol, HDL, LDL from mg/dL to mmol/L).



Frank I. Katch
Professor of Exercise Science
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, MA 01003
(413) 545-1337 main office

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[By way of Young-Hoo Kwon]

2nd Call for Papers - Deadline February 15, 2001

International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sport
National Symposium on Teaching Biomechanics in Sport

See the conference website for infomation:
http://www.usfca.edu/ess/sym2001/

Confirmed Speakers

ISBS Geoffrey Dyson Lecture
Peter R. Cavanagh
The Center for Locomotion Studies
Penn State University, USA
"Biomechanics on the International Space Station."

ISBS Plenary Session Speakers
Walter Herzog
Kinesiology, Engineering and Medicine
University of Calgary, Canada
"The Biomechanics of Dynamically Contracting Skeletal Muscle."
Sponsored by Noraxon

Herbert Hatze
Head, Department and Laboratory of Biomechanics
University of Vienna, Austria
"Power Assessment of Individual Leg Muscle Groups by Multistructural
Analysis of Symmetric Vertical Maximum Effort Jumps."
Sponsored by Noraxon

Glen Fleisig
Smith+Nephew Chair of Research
American Sports Medicine Institute, USA
"The Biomechanics of Throwing."
Sponsored by Noraxon

Ewald Hennig
Biomechanik Labor, Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaften
Universitaet Essen, Germany
"Tennis Racket Biomechanics - An Empirical Approach"

Jeff Broker
Sport Biomechanist/Manager of Biomechanics and Engineering
United States Olympic Committee Sport Science & Technology Division
"Advanced Sport Technologies: Enhancing Olympic Athletic Performance"

Jill L. McNitt-Gray
Biomechanics Research Lab
Departments of Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Biokinesiology and
Physical Therapy
University of Southern California, USA
"Impulse Generation During Jumping and Landing Movements."

Roger M. Bartlett
Director, Sport Science Research Institute
Sheffield Hallam University, U.K.
"Performance Analysis - Is it the Symbiosis of Biomechanics and Notational
Analysis, or is it an Illusion?"

NASPE Teaching Conference Plenary Sessions
Bob Schleihauf
Movement Analysis Laboratory Director
San Francisco State University, USA
"A CD-Rom Based, Interactive Biomechanics Course."

Duane Knudson
California State University - Chico, USA
"Teaching Biomechanics in the Context of Professional Qualitative Analysis."


Conference host
sym2001@...


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Hi All,

In response to a couple of e-mails asking about conversion factors
for blood lipids there is a fantastic web site that I have come across
which does most of the lipid conversions but does much more than
that. It has over 2300 different algorithms for a whole range of
medical/physiological measures, all of these are easy to download
as well formatted Excel spreadsheets.
The site is the Medical Algorithms Project at
www.medal.org/index.html
Give it a try and see what you think.

Richard


Dr Richard Davison
Department of Sport and Exercise Science
Faculty of Science, Technology and Design
Park Square
Luton
Bedfordshire
LU1 3JU
Tel: +44 1582 743493
Fax: +44 1582 489212
Mobile: +44 7967657235
E-mail: richard.davison@...

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I now have the latest (1999) list of impact factors for all journals in the
Journal Citation Reports published by the Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI).  The impact factor is the average number of citations a
paper in a given journal has received in every other journal in the
previous two years.  Impact factors have become an important consideration
in assessing the quality of a person's publications for purposes of
appointment or promotion, at least in some institutions.

I've also compiled a partial list of journals in the exercise and sport
science disciplines from the Kinesiology Forum site
http://www.kines.uiuc.edu/kinesforum/journals.asp.  I say "partial",
because I have edited out neuroscience and some psychology journals.  I've
also had to add a couple that were missing from the Kine Forum site.  I'm
going to find the impact factors in the ISI report, then publish the list
and the impact factors in the next issue of Sportscience, probably this
weekend.

So...  please look at this list of journals below, then email me if you
want others included or if you think any in your discipline should be deleted.

Should I sort these by discipline, or keep them alphabetic?

Will

ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal
Acta Physiological Scandinavica
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
Advances in Physiology Education
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
American Journal of Epidemiology
American Journal of Health Promotion
American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
American Journal of Physiology
American Journal of Public Health
American Psychologist
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Applied Ergonomics
Applied Psychological Measurement
Applied Psychology: An International Review
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers
Behavioral Neuroscience
British Journal of Sports Medicine

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Clinical Biomechanics
Clinical Exercise Physiology
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Clinical Nutrition
Clinical Physiology
Diabetes / Metabolism Research and Reviews
Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Diabetic Medicine
Diabetologia

Educational and Psychological Measurement

Ergonomics
European Journal of Applied Physiology
European Journal of Nutrition
European Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
European Physical Education Review
European Sports History Review
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

Human Movement Science
Human Performance
International Journal of Epidemiology
International Journal of Sport Nutrition
International Journal of Sports Medicine
International Journal of the History of Sport
International Review for the Sociology of Sport

Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Journal of Applied Biomechanics
Journal of Applied Physiology
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
Journal of Applied Statistics
Journal of Athletic Training
Journal of Biomechanics
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Journal of Clinical Psychology
Journal of Comparative Physical Education and Sport
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance
Journal of Physiology
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Journal of Sport and Social Issues
Journal of Sport Management
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
Journal of Sports Chiropractic and Rehabilitation
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
Journal of Sports Sciences
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education
Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the Philosophy of Sport

Lancet
Leisure Sciences
Leisure Studies

Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Medicine and Sport Science
Metabolism Clinical and Experimental

Nature
New England Journal of Medicine
Nutrition

Pediatric Exercise Science
Pediatric Physical Therapy
Physical Therapy
Physical Therapy in Sport
Physician and Sports Medicine
Preventive Medicine
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Psychology of Sport and Exercise
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
Science
Science and Sports
Sociology of Sport Journal
Sport, Education, and Society
Sport History Review
Sport Psychologist
Sport Science Review
Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine Training and Rehabilitation
Strength and Conditioning
Strength and Conditioning Journal


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Thank you

Graduate Assistantships:  Ithaca College offers graduate assistantships for students pursuing an MS in Exercise & Sport Sciences.  This one-year program of study allows you to concentrate in either exercise physiology, sport pedagogy, or sport psychology.  Assistantships are awarded on a two semester basis, involve up to 15 hours per week of duties, and carry with them a salary and scholarship for tuition waiver.  Graduate assistant responsibilities are assigned in areas such as adult fitness, coaching, laboratory teaching/research, etc.  Positions will be made available starting in January. Contact Dr. Sforzo at sforzo@...

Pfizer / IOC Olympic Research
Call for Proposals
for the
2002 Olympic Winter Games

Issued: 30 November 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------

ANNOUNCEMENT
Scientific research proposals related to the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, Salt
Lake City, 8-24 February 2002, are now being accepted by the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission.  Endowed by Pfizer, this research
program supports projects that improve sport performance, reduce injuries, and
promote healthy life styles through movement and exercise.

The Pfizer / IOC Olympic Research program is one of four sport science
initiatives organized by the IOC Medical Commission to promote healthy
improvements in sport and exercise.  The 6th IOC World Congress on Sport
Sciences will be held in Salt Lake City, 16-21 September 2001, to bring sport
scientists from around the world together in a cross-disciplinary forum
(www.iocworldcongress.org).   The Olympic Academy was formed in 1999 at the 5th
IOC World Congress as a group of thought leaders to advise the IOC on scientific
questions.  The pinnacle of these four initiatives is the IOC Olympic Prize. It
is awarded every Olympic Games to honor research related to movement, exercise,
and sport that significantly advances the science of human performance and
health (www.pfizer.com/ioc). This prestigious award includes a gold medal, a
diploma, and a cash award of $500,000 US.

HISTORY
Research projects have been performed during the Olympic Games since 1984
through the IOC Medical Commission.  In the early stages of the research program
most of the projects were biomechanical studies and descriptive in nature.  The
Olympics offered a competition where athletes could be observed at the peak of
their performance.  Over 200 scientific publications have resulted from these
studies since the inception of the program.

Interest in this program has grown considerably.  An unprecedented 40 proposals
from 14 countries were submitted for funding for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games
period and 10 of these projects were approved. Pfizer provided an endowment of
$250,000 US to support this program (www.pfizer.com/ioc).  With the increased
knowledge about sport, the emphasis of research projects has moved beyond a
descriptive nature.  Studies that are now funded answer a specific question and
are usually one component of an on-going research effort.  Some of the projects
now include data collection up to one year before the Olympic Games.  Biological
studies occurring before the Olympics are possible, with appropriate approvals.

APPLICANT
Individuals with a Ph.D., M.D. or comparable degree may submit a research
proposal as the principal investigator.  Proposals originating from sport
governing bodies should describe the associated research group that will execute
the project.

CRITICAL DATES
Proposal submission deadline:      15 February 2001
Notification of acceptance:           30 March 2001
2002 Winter Olympic Games:        8-24 February 2002
Manuscript submission deadline:   24 February 2003

PROPOSAL REVIEW
Members of the Subcommission on Biomechanics and Physiology of Sport (IOC
Medical Commission), representatives of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee
(SLOC) for the 2002 Winter Olympics, and a top-level scientist representing
Pfizer will review the proposals and determine which proposals will be funded. 
Six to eight proposals are expected to be funded for the 2002 cycle.

All projects carried out during Olympic competition or official training must be
approved by the responsible sport International Federation (IF).  Project
proposals submitted with a letter of support from the governing IF have a
greater chance of acceptance than those that still need approval.  Official
approval for projects performed during the Olympic Games will be finalized
between the governing IF, IOC Medical Commission, and SLOC.

If data collection is proposed during Olympic competition or during official
training, the proposal must clearly state why this research should be done
during the Olympics rather than at a World Championship or other event. 
Projects that are a component of past and on-going research are preferred over
projects tied only to the Games.

Data collection during the competition/training must not interfere with the
athletes, the event, or television broadcast.  Athletes may voluntarily submit
to tests before/after the Olympic Games that require physical contact with the
athlete. During the Olympic Games, there should be no contact with the athlete.

IRB approval must be obtained through an appropriate institution for any
projects approved to be performed.  A local IRB review is available if none is
available to the principal investigator.

Results from all projects must be published in a refereed journal, accessible to
an international audience.  Information from the study should also be published
in a coaching/practitioner journal.  Presentations of the projects at scientific
congresses/meetings are highly encouraged.  Include the publication and congress
in which the research results are expected to be published in the justification
section of the proposal.  Approved projects will have 25% of the funding
withheld until the results are submitted to a refereed journal.  Articles should
be submitted for publication by 24 February 2003.

One research assistant will be provided at no cost to each project for Games
time data collection.  This person will probably be a local graduate student and
he/she will be familiar with Salt Lake City and the venues.

ACCEPTABLE BUDGET REQUESTS
For projects with data collection that occur during the Olympic Games, the
following may be included in the budget:
· Funding for graduate student/research assistant to collect and analyze data
· Air travel and food for necessary personnel
· Equipment rental/supplies/computer time/etc.
· Publishing costs

Lodging, accreditation, local transportation, uniforms, and one mobile phone
will be arranged through SLOC during Games time.  Funding related to these items
should NOT be included in the research proposal.  Compensation for principal
investigators should NOT be included in the proposal.  This grant program pays
no overhead charges to institutions.

PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
Proposals shall be no longer than six pages; single-spaced using 12-point font. 
Include the following sections:
· Abstract -- summarize the proposal in less than 100 words.
· Introduction - give background information and the motivation for the project.
· Purpose - state the purpose of the project including the hypothesis to be
tested.
· Methods - describe the methods.
· Personnel and equipment - list equipment and personnel used for the study.
· Justification - explain why this project needs to be done and who will
benefit.
· Budget - present an itemized budget for the project and list supporting
sources of funding, if applicable.
· Time Schedule - event schedules can be found at www.saltlake2002.com
· References
· IF Support - A letter of support from the appropriate International Sport
Federation may be added to the proposal.

Three copies of the research proposal must be received by 15 February 2001 for
consideration.  Electronic versions of the proposals may be sent by e-mail
(preferred).  Submit proposals and inquiries to the 2002 Olympic Research
Coordinator:

Todd Allinger, Ph.D.
IOC Medical Commission
C/O Institute for Sport Science and Medicine
The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital
5848 South Fashion Blvd.
Salt Lake City, UT  84107

Phone: (801) 314-4017
Fax:  (801) 314-4043
E-mail: totallin@...



----------------------------------
Todd Allinger, Ph.D.
Institute for Sport Science and Medicine
The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital
5848 South Fashion Blvd. (300 E)
Murray, UT  84107

phone: (801) 314-4017
fax: (801) 314-4043
e-mail: totallin@...

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Colleagues,

For purposes of teaching our athletes, I'm trying to find video of elite
sprinters in action -- preferably from the mobile camera along side the
track used during competition for the last few years.  Can anyone
provide referrals to where it might be available?

Thanks in advance

--
Steven Plisk
Director of Sports Conditioning
Yale University
P.O. Box 208216
New Haven, CT  06520-8216
tel: 203 432-2526   fax: 203 432-2495
e-mail: <steven.plisk@...>
http://www.yale.edu/athletic/Strength/strength.htm

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I wondered whether anyone had experience with
obtaining training schedules from elite performers? It
is clearly of interest to many of us to know what
types of sessions,target times, recovery periods etc
elite athletes have followed in order to achieve top
class performances. I am also acutely aware that many
athletes treasure this information and are unwilling
to let rivals see it.  However, as a lecturer in
exercise physiology I always try to draw examples from
elite performance as this undoubtedly gains students
interest and attention.

I have usually had to piece bits of information
together(and in terms of track and field it can be 15
years and many seconds out of date)and wondered
whether any recently retired or still competing top
athletes made this information freely available?
I would be grateful if anyone could let me know of
their experiences and any potential sources would be
gratefully received.

Many thanks

Andrew Edwards

Lecturer in Sports Science
Reading University
U.K




__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Shopping - Thousands of Stores. Millions of Products.
http://shopping.yahoo.com/

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Thanks to everyone who responded to my query regarding footage of sprint
events (specifically, the “track cam” view of the 100 m, i.e. the camera
on rails that moves alongside the athletes as they run).  For others who
may be interested, the leads forwarded to me are summarized below:

Walt Reynolds (RSI Sports Training in East Lansing, MI):  USA Track &
Field Development Projects offers a number of videos for development
purposes.  On online listing is available at:
http://www.sjs.org/sports/T&F/VideoListUSATF.htm

Vern Gambetta (Gambetta Sports Training Systems in Sarasota, FL):  The
International Amateur Athletics Federation has a video library
collection.  The World Championships in Athletics videos from '95, '97
and '99 include track cam footage.  Contact them for an order form:
TEL +377 93 10 88 88
FAX  +377 93 15 95 15
e-mail: television@...

Finally, NBC has a Clip Licensing office in Burbank CA.  Fax your
request to 818 526-7821 (attention LeeAnn Platner).

Thanks for everyone's input, and al the best for the holidays.

--
Steven Scott Plisk, M.S., C.S.C.S.
Director of Sports Conditioning
Yale University
P.O. Box 208216
New Haven, CT  06520-8216
tel: 203 432-2526   fax: 203 432-2495
e-mail: <steven.plisk@...>
http://www.yale.edu/athletic/Strength/strength.htm

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For those who may are involved with or interested in offering fitness or
therapy in the world of "special needs" individuals, including the disabled,
the mobility impaired, older adults, anyone with neuromotor disorders or
anyone with serious lower limb injuries, the following discussion group has
been initiated:

<http://www.egroups.com/group/smartfitness>

It is also directed at the needs of the disabled athlete or anyone offering
physical training for this group of persons.  Among its other objectives is
discussion of chronic pain which is experienced by numerous disabled and
older individuals, as well as ergonomic issues such as equipment choice and
home modification for anyone with any impaired capabilities.  If you visit
the group website, you can read more about its objectives.

Dr Mel C Siff
Denver, USA
mcsiff@...

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A new issue of Sportscience is now up at http://sportsci.org.
If you see the previous issue when you connect, shift-reload to flush
caches between you and the site.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS of Sportscience 4(3)                            Sept-Dec 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Internet
             Moving Together: Newsleter #28, by Ken Daley. Drug test
             software, soccer coaching, PE games, fitness sites, Olympic
             medal tallies, more...

Research Resources
             Impact Factors of Journals in Sport and Exercise Science,
             by Will Hopkins. Where to send your journal articles for
             publication.

             A Spreadsheet for Partitional Calorimetry, by Kerry Atkins
             and Martin Thompson. Calculating temperature change in
             exercise.

             Analysis of injury counts and fiber proportions, plus
             various updates in A New View of Statistics.

Nutrition
             Positive Drug Tests from Supplements, by Louise Burke.
             Advice for athletes and manufacturers.

Strength Training
             Should Female Gymnasts Lift Weights? by William Sands
             and colleagues. Gaining strength without muscle hypertrophy.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Will Hopkins
editor@...

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>From the pages of the "Scientific American" comes the tale of one of the
first controlled experiments in clinical nutrition, one which addressed the
scrourge of scurvy among sailors who were sea-bound for months at a time.

<http://www.sciam.com/1999/0399issue/0399connections.html>

Some extracts from this story run thus:

<In May 1747, on the good ship Salisbury, Lind carried out probably the first
proper controlled trial in
the history of clinical nutrition. For 14 days, he kept six pairs of scurvy
patients on the same diet but
gave each pair different medicine: cider, elixir vitriol, vinegar, seawater,
a "medicinal paste" and
oranges with lemons. The citrus fruit did the trick. In 1753 Lind published
"A Treatise of the Scurvy,"
as a result of which, years later, the Royal Navy started issuing lime-juice
rations to sailors. Who then
never got scurvy but had to put up with being called "limeys."

Lind had been inspired to his researches by the shock of news of a naval
expedition gone horribly
wrong. In 1740 Commodore George Anson had sailed from England with six ships
and more than
1,000 men. His mission: to head for the Pacific and clobber the Spanish
wherever he found them. He
did so, in spades, attacking Spanish ports and ships, laying waste right and
left in the usual manner. He
came home four years later with so much treasure it took 30 wagons to haul it
from the docks to the
Tower of London for safekeeping. Every man walked off Anson's mission rich
for life. There was a lot
more booty for each man to share because of the original six ships and 1,000
crew, only one ship with
145 men made it back. Scurvy had killed the rest.>

And here is a website which quotes part of the original scientific
publication, entitled James Lind "A Treatise of the Scurvy in Three Parts.
Containing an inquiry into the Nature, Causes and Cure of that Disease,
together with a Critical and Chronological View of what has been published on
the subject."  A. Millar, London, 1753:

<http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/scurvy.html>

Its conclusions?  Read on:

>As I shall have occasion elsewhere to take notice of the effects of other
medicines in this disease, I shall here only observe that the result of all
my experiments was that oranges and lemons were the most effectual remedies
for this distemper at sea. I am apt to think oranges preferable to lemons,
though it was principally oranges which so speedily and surprisingly
recovered Lord Anson's people at the Island of Tinian, of which that noble,
brave and experienced commander was so sensible that before he left the
island one man was ordered on shore from each mess to lay in a stock of them
for their future security. … Perhaps one history more may suffice to
put this out of doubt.>

---------------------

Dr Mel C Siff
Denver, USA
msciff@...

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Earlier I wrote about "Acausal Training Phenomena." (For those who may have
missed this article, it may also be found as message 4035 under "Messages" on
this site: http://www.egroups.com/group/supertraining).

Does the use of the term imply that there can actually be events without any
direct or indirect cause-effect relationship?  Or does it mean that the link
is so distant and indirect that we have no way of knowing if there actually
is any such relationship.  Does this also mean that things can just happen
for no apparent reason at all?

Does this comment apply to the so-called "spontaneous remission" or
miraculous curing of certain diseases?  Is there always the offchance that
something will change for the better or the worse without any apparent
reason?  Or does that mean that we just have been looking for causes in the
wrong places?  In some cases, the intangible qualities of mind and
consciousness may be playing the dominant role via some placebo factor and we
simply do not appreciate that fact, because current causal analysis in
medicine and much of science is very materialistic in nature?

Do we all too often tend to dismiss the "mind over matter" issue because it
has long been associated with fringe philosophy, bizarre personalities,
parapsychology and religion, all of which have been deemed to lie outside the
acceptable realm of science?  Is it then a healthy sign that some disciplines
such as PNI (psychoneuroimmunology) and neurogastroenterology have come into
existence to address some of the "mind over matter" stuff in a more
scientifically acceptable form?

If events can occur without any apparent cause, what does this imply for
experiments in science?  Can we ever sift out causal events from acausal,
random or rare events, especially if the latter, though statistically
insignificant, may exert a far greater influence over an event than any
statistically significant or commonplace factors?  This is one of the
problems inherent in sole dependence on statistical distributions, such as
those of the Gaussian bell-shaped curves - they often may imply that the far
less "significant" or rarer events at either extreme of the range are less
influential than those which lie within some 95 percent confidence interval
and so forth.  After all, the universe possibly came into being as one of
those statistically unlikely processes.

Does this mean that the events are unlikely or that the manner of analysing
them are defective or obfuscating, as some scientists suggest?  The following
websites are relevant in this regard:

<http://www.quackgrass.com/roots/0796rts.html>
<http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/index.html>
<http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Topic/Statistics/Resampling_Statistics/>

We have discussed the valid point that humans look for or experience Gestalts
- after all, it is the nature of many processes in the brain to fill in or
interpolate what may be missing from anything that the senses bring into
conscious awareness.  That is why optical and various other perceptual
illusions work.  We see patterns where none really exist, we read patterns
into Rorschach ink blot tests; we think that there are coincidences which
have meaning in the context of their lives at a given instant.

Are those who see significance in  the results Rorschach tests simply part of
yet another Rorschach test in which the testers see meaning where none really
exists?  In other words, is Rorschach testing simply evidence that something
like mental Godel's theorems (in consistent systems) also limit the ability
of psychologists to validly analyse the system in which they are clinically
embedded?

Not that this is unimportant, for if we see meaning in something, this can
supply goals, fills in gap, create fears, create hopes, devise gods and
theories.  Nevertheless, there is a huge gap between representations of
events and the events themselves, between noumena and phenomena.  If we fail
to see meaning in life, then all is lost.  Is this why the brain has to
permit illusions and imaginings to persist in the absence of direct experi
ence or understanding of the nature of the universe and the things in it and
our lives?

To fill in any gaps for those who may be unfamiliar with Godel's famous
theorems, here are a few helpful websites:

<http://www.miskatonic.org/godel.html>
<http://www.myrkul.org/recent/godel.htm>
<http://www.mathacademy.com/platonic_realms/encyclop/articles/godel.html>
<http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/mmg.html>
<http://www.ptproject.ilstu.edu/pt/Godel01.htm>
<http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Lab/8837/Godel.html>

This large collection of websites on Godel might seem to be a bit of
overkill, but his ideas on logic and mathematics represent some of the finest
achievements ever of the human mind, considered by scientists to rank way up
there alongside the works of Einstein, Newton and Heisenberg.

Dr Mel C Siff
Denver, USA

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I accidently batch-approved the last few messages to the Sportscience
list, when I meant to discard them.  My apologies.  At least it gives
you an idea of the kind of stuff the moderators are filtering out.

Will

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Mel: Thanks for the info on Lind.

Months ago, in an earlier Sportsci, I wrote a piece about this very topic:
I'm not sure if there is a direct link to that article, but if you go to the
latest site at http://sportsci.org and search contents by issue, then when
you get to one of the history makers, click on index and it will bring up
all of the articles I did. Or try the link below: click on History Makers
and then when you get to the site, follow the index to any of the people.

We put this kind of info into the new text because we believe firmly today's
students (and professors) should cherish the connections to our past. Too
often we take for granted all of the latest gidgets and gadets and forget
that many years ago many smart people lay the foundation using "crude"
methods (but clear thinking) to unravel many secrets we now take for
granted. There is lots to be learned from studying the past.

http://sportsci.org/indexold.html

In our new textbook, Sports and Exercise Nutrition (McArdle, Katch and
Katch. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 2000), we also feature 12 "history
Makers" and Lind was one of those pioneers along with others
scientist/researchers (including 3 Nobel Prize winners in our field -can you
guess who they are?- who helped to usher in the new subject field of study
we have called Exercise Nutrition."

Best regards, Frank

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I often get requests for advice about personal injuries.  See below
for the most recent example.  I am not a physician, so I can't help
these people.  Does anyone know of a good website or a list where I
can direct them?  Askthedoctor.com or some such.  (That URL does
exist, but it's a site for promoting yet another nutritional
supplement.)

Will Hopkins
editor@...

>Hi,
>I am a 42 year old female.  I slipped and fell on the ice a little over two
>weeks ago. I dislocated my ankle, fractured the fibula and tore the deltoid
>ligament.  I have a steel plate with 6 screws in my fibula and a pin holding
>my deltoid ligament in place.  I have a knee high cast on and have been
>required to keep the leg non weight bearing.  I have been given very little
>info as to projected prognosis or the course of treatment with my injury.  I
>have been told that the screws and plate will come out.  I am not sure when.
>I was told 6-8 months rehab with this injury.
>Could you give me any suggestions or direct me to any assistance that I
>could implement on my own.
>I am doing well leg exercising.  I am taking nutritional supplements.
>Any assistance you could offer would be gratefully appreciated.
>Thank you

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About 6 weeks ago Joe Baker posted this hypothesis to the list:

>Sport performance and sport expertise is entirely the result of hours
>spent in focused, effortful training rather than innate, inheritable
>traits.

There was some follow-up discussion, but there was little reference
to published work.  In particular and astonishingly, noone referred
to the work of the Bouchards (C and TJ).  I was too busy with other
things to reply at the time, but I have now had a chance to revisit
the literature. As far as I can see, the work of the Bouchards is
definitive.  Genes count for at least 50% of the variation in
performance and probably more than 50% of the variation in the
response to training.

Claude Bouchard and coworkers have done most of the work with
physical performance.  Their earlier work was based on analysis in
the variation in performance (and effects of training on performance)
within and between families, including twins in some studies.  The
subjects were mostly non-athletes.  For every aspect of performance
and training on performance, the majority of the variation between
individuals is determined by genes.  The group is now looking at the
association between specific DNA sequences and performance.  So far
they have found little or no association, presumably because
performance is determined by many genes and/or they haven't struck
gold yet.  For a good brief review of the recent and the earlier
work, see the introduction to their most recent paper in the October
issue of Med Sci Sports Exerc (Wolfarth et al., 2000).  The
comprehensive familial study in MSSE by another group (Maes et al.,
1996) is also well worth a look.  The stats are daunting, but the
conclusions are clear.

Thomas J Bouchard's main claim to fame is studies of twins separated
at birth.  For various reasons, such studies are probably the best
for resolving the nature-nurture debate.  The closest he has got to a
study of physical performance with such subjects is a training study
involving a visual skill (Fox et al., 1996).  More than half the
variation in ability was genetic, and the contribution of genes
actually increased with training.

In spite of all this hard evidence for the role of heredity in
physical performance and many other aspects of human behavior, there
is still a clique of academics who hold out for the primacy of
environment.  See for example Howe et al. (1998).  Maybe these people
are too numerically challenged to understand or trust the genetics
studies.  They didn't even cite Fox et al. (1996) or Maes et al.
(1996).  Very disappointing.

Incidentally, the November issue of MSSE has a paper (Fatini et al.,
2000) about the effects of the two forms of the ACE gene on an
outcome of training (left ventricular mass).

Fatini C, Guazzelli R, Manetti P, Battaglini B, Gensini F, Vono R,
Toncelli L, Zilli P, Capalbo A, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Galanti G
(2000). RAS genes influence exercise-induced left ventricular
hypertrophy: an elite athletes study. Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise 32, 1868-1872

Fox PW, Hershberger SL, Bouchard TJ (1996). Genetic and environmental
contributions to the acquisition of a motor skill. Nature 384, 356-358

Howe MJA, Davidson JW, Sloboda JA (1998). Innate talents: reality or
myth? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, 399-442 (includes withering
open peer commentary, which Howe et al. failed to respond to in any
convincing way)

Maes HHM, Beunen GP, Vlietinck RF, Neale MC, Thomis M, Eynde BV,
Lysens R, Simons J, Derom C, Derom R (1996). Inheritance of physical
fitness in 10-yr-old twins and their parents. Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise 28, 1479-1491

Wolfarth B, Rivera MA, Oppert JM, Boulay MR, Dionne FT, Chagnon M,
Gagnon J, Chagnon Y, Perusse L, Keul J, Bouchard C (2000). A
polymorphism in the alpha(2a)-adrenoceptor gene and endurance athlete
status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32, 1709-1712

Will

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Position Available:  Graduate Assistantships, Human Performance Research
Center, West Texas A&M University

Starting Date:  Fall, 2001

Qualifications:  Bachelor's degree in Exercise Science or related field
required; acceptance to the WTAMU Graduate School; GPA minimum of 3.0 on
last 60 hours, plus GRE score of 1000+; strong desire to pursue thesis work
in Sport and Exercise Science; prior experience in laboratory setting
preferred; current CPR certification

Duties and Responsibilities:  Participate in on-going research projects;
coordinate and conduct sport and exercise testing; maintain and develop
research databases; participate in development of future projects

Research Focus:  Physiological and psychological determinants of sport
performance; etiology, treatment, and rehabilitation of orthopedic sport
injuries; nutritional concerns and requirements for sport performance

Facility:  The Human Performance Research Center (HPRC) has been established
to serve as the base for multidisciplinary instruction, research, and
outreach.  The HPRC provides an umbrella under which motivated faculty and
students enjoy the opportunity to conduct studies in collaboration with
universities and international agencies around the world.  Programs are
supported with sophisticated state-of-the-art laboratory instrumentation and
computer analysis, and provide laboratory experience to compliment the
educational requirements for students wishing to seek ACSM or NATA
certification.

The University:  West Texas A&M University, founded in 1910, is located in
the heart of the Texas Panhandle in the safe, friendly community of Canyon,
pop. 13,000.  The University's tree-lined 135-acre residential campus
accommodates 650 full-time faculty and staff members and 6,600 students
representing 30 states and 35 countries.  As a member of The Texas A&M
University System, WTAMU enjoys a firmly established reputation as a stable
yet progressive, mature, unpretentious institution committed to serving the
educational needs of every student.  Residents enjoy a mild climate with
four distinct seasons, yet temperatures remain comfortable most of the year.
We receive approximately 20 inches of precipitation and 270 sunny days
annually, and our altitude of 3,600 feet and constant breezes means clean
air and low humidity year round.  Palo Duro Canyon, the nation's second
largest canyon measuring 120 miles long and 1,200 feet from rim to base, as
well as the mountains, streams, and ski slopes of the surrounding states
provide convenient weekend getaways.

Application:  Send letter of application describing skills, areas of
interest and research goals, transcripts, GRE scores, and 3 letters of
reference to:  Michael C. Meyers, PhD, FACSM, Director, Human Performance
Research Center, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, POB 60216, West
Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016.  (mmeyers@...)

Closing Date:  Applications accepted until March 20 or until positions are
filled.

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When the question deals with running injuries and some sports injuries a
good site is the American Running Association's at
http://www.americanrunning.org/

Sportsci Web site wrote:
>
> I often get requests for advice about personal injuries.  See below
> for the most recent example.  I am not a physician, so I can't help
> these people.  Does anyone know of a good website or a list where I
> can direct them?  Askthedoctor.com or some such.  (That URL does
> exist, but it's a site for promoting yet another nutritional
> supplement.)
>
> Will Hopkins
> editor@...
>
--

_____________________________________________________________________
Stephen M. Perle, D.C.                          "A man who knows that
Associate Professor of Clinical Sciences          he is a fool is not
University of Bridgeport College of Chiropractic       a great fool."
Bridgeport, CT 06601                                       Chuang Tzu
E-mail: perle@...
http://www.bridgeport.edu/chiro/
_____________________________________________________________________

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[Ian posted this message to me, but agreed for me to redirect it to
the list.  Does it mean that anyone can be sued for giving advice
about anything, if a court decides that the advice led to problems?
If so, is there is a disclaimer you can preface all advice with to
get yourself off the hook?  Does it make a difference if you accept
payment for the advice or service?   -Will]

I knew of a site, but it closed down. There are still some around. The
problem is that once a physician answers a specific question from an
individual, they have entered into a patient-physician relationship, with
all the associated obligations and responsibilities. Any advice given can
become the basis for a lawsuit. So, insurances have to be paid, etc and in
Canada, our malpractice insurance company won't cover us. In addition,
because the lawsuits can be anywhere, the physicians sets themselves up for
being sued in a foreign country where differing regulations mean the
situation becomes very difficult.

Ian Shrier MD, PhD, Dip Sport Med
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies
SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
3755 Cote Sainte-Catherine Rd
Montreal, Qc  H3T 1E2

check out the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine website
http://www.casm-acms.org

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I am a physical therapist and certified strength and conditioning
specialist in the US.  I host a forum on the website
http://www.sportspecific.com under the heading of injury prevention
and rehab.  I can usually reply to questions posted within 48 hours.

Brian J. Boyle PT, MS, CSCS
Lehigh Valley Hospital
CC and I-78
Allentown, PA 18105

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>>Thomas J Bouchard's main claim to fame is studies of twins separated
at birth.  For various reasons, such studies are probably the best
for resolving the nature-nurture debate.<<

Every time i hear about these studies, i wonder if there any thought given
to the pre-natal environment and its effect on learning, personality and
other behavioural/psychological traits?? Seems that seperated twins share
this environment, and may affect outcomes and the conclusions that many
aspects are genetic?

David Driscoll

_________________________________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com.

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Position:      Post-doctoral Research Fellow
Organisation:  Biomechanics Laboratory
                Department of Human Biology
                University of Cape Town
                South Africa
Posted:        27 December 2000
Deadline:      31 January 2001


Description:

The Biomechanics Laboratory is located within the newly-formed Department of
Human Biology at the University of Cape Town (UCT). It contributes to the
research programmes of two nationally recognised units that are supported by
the South African Medical Research Council (MRC). These are the MRC/UCT Medical
Imaging Research Unit, directed by Professor Kit Vaughan, and the MRC/UCT
Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Research Unit, directed by Professor Tim
Noakes. Further information on these two units may be obtained at:

http://www.mrc.ac.za/mrcnews/march2000/medical.htm

http://www.ssisa.com/bioenergetics/berindex.htm

The Biomechanics Laboratory provides a service to scientists and students in
the Department of Human Biology, with the main focus of the research
concentrating on human gait as well as sports injuries and elucidating the
mechanisms underlying fatigue. Equipment includes a six-camera 120 Hz kinematic
system (Vicon 370), a force plate (AMTI) and an eight-channel EMG system
(Thought Technology).


The Position:

We are seeking a Post-doctoral Research Fellow to join our group as soon as
possible. The position is jointly funded by the National Research Foundation
and the Medical Research Council (South Africa's equivalent to the National
Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the USA). There will be
opportunities to contribute to multi-disciplinary research programmes in the
department and also to identify and pursue your own projects. Funding is
available for 1 to 3 years. Applicants will be expected to hold an earned
doctorate in Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanics, Kinesiology, or a related
discipline. We are particularly keen to attract a candidate who writes well and
has already published his or her work in international peer-reviewed journals.

The University:

Nestling on the slopes of Devil's Peak, the University of Cape Town (UCT) is
South Africa’s oldest university (founded in 1829), and is one of Africa’s
leading teaching and research institutions. UCT is a vibrant academic community
of some 16,000 students and 4,500 members of staff. We are a comprehensive
university offering a full range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.
We are also a major centre for research and we have exchange agreements and
links with universities on the African continent and throughout the world. Our
vision and aspiration is to be a world-class African University. Cost of
living, in terms of US or European currencies, is low while the quality of life
is high, with Cape Town enjoying a wealth of recreation opportunities. Further
information on the University may be found at:

http://www.uct.ac.za/

The University of Cape Town is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity
institution. We particularly encourage women and applicants from disadvantaged
backgrounds to apply for this position.

Contact:

Please send a letter and curriculum vitae, together with the names and
addresses of 3 references, via e-mail to me at the address below.


Kit Vaughan

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Christopher L. Vaughan, PhD
Hyman Goldberg Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Director, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit
Faculty of Health Sciences                        tel: +27 21 406 6238
University of Cape Town                           fax: +27 21 448 3291
Observatory, Cape  7925  SOUTH AFRICA       kvaughan@...
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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Please note that the pass.com conference's key dates have been revised (8
January 2001)
Deadline for submission of abstracts: 15 February 2001
Acceptance of abstracts: 22 February 2001
Submission of full papers: 1 March 2001
for more details see the conference website:
http://cpa.uwic.ac.uk/passcom/index.htm

pass.com
26 - 29 June 2001
A World Congress at
UWIC
Embracing:
3rd International Symposium on Computer Science in Sport
5th World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport
2nd BOA/NCF Workshop in Applied Performance Analysis for Elite Coaches

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I am having difficulty finding in the recent literature some population values
for
the step test aerobic fitness test in college aged adults (17 or 18-24 year
olds).
I am conducting a study in this population.  We used the Queen's College Step
Test
(McArdle, et al. MSSE 4:182-186, 1972).  One reference I've found is fairly old
(McArdle, et al. Percentile norms for a valid step test in college women.
Research
Quarterly. 44(4):498-500, 1973).  Using these values, I've found that virtually
all
of our non-athlete women are above the 70th percentile, despite the fact that
some
of our subjects report no regular physical activity and many report no regular
vigorous exercise.  Secular trends may be having an effect.  Incidentally,
values
for men from the same publication distribute our sample more evenly over the
range
of percentile ranks.

Does anyone know where I can find percentile norms for college aged men and
women
using a step test.  If the Queen's College test is used, recovery heart rate
values
are fine.  If another step test is used, I would need either the estimated
VO2max
values or at least the formula for translating measured heart rates into
estimated
aerobic fitness.  I would prefer published values, of course, but I know that
many
departments of exercise science do considerable testing in their communities and
often such data are never published.   These data would be valuable as well.

Thanks in advance
Regards,
Annie

--
* please note the change in name *

Annie C. Wetter, Ph.D., CSCS

JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
   at Tufts University
711 Washington Street, 13th floor
Boston, MA  02111
T: 617.556.3033
F: 617.556.3110
E: annie.gazdag@...

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