There have been a few questions regardining titles and terms. This
post will cover titles and a later post will cover terms.
First off colored belt ranks (white through brown belt) are
refered to as Kyu ranks. Black belt ranks are refered to as Dan
ranks. Specifically:
1st degree black belt - Shodan
2nd - Nidan
3rd - Sandan
4th - Yondan
5th - Godan
6th - Rokudan
7th - Nanadan
8th - Hachidan
9th - Kudan
10th - Judan

Certain titles are also awarded:
Sifu - experienced teacher, must be a minimum of 3rd Dan to get this
title.
Sempai - senior student (assistant instructors)
Kohai - junior students
Shihan - master (chief instructor) must be a minimum of 6th Dan to
get this title.
Renshi - Polished Instructor, must be a minimum of 4th Dan to get
this title
Kyoshi - Professor Instructor, must be a minimum of 7th Dan to get
this title. Must have a great understanding of budo philosophy.
Kancho - head of the school
Sensei - teacher/instructor, not a title but a term students use to
refer to their teacher as a sign of respect.
Soke - Inheritor, head of an art not just a school or style. Very
rare term seldomly encountered.
Shidoshi - Instructor of ninjutsu
(name)San - used after saying a person's name, similar to using Mr
or Mrs.
Hanshi - reflects a person's lifestyle rather than skill level.
It's someone who has maintained and followed the martial way
throughout their lifetime.

The next post will cover terms used in training. Most specifics on
the above titles will be in the student manuals.