Strength training is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to
build the strength, anaerobic endurance and size of skeletal muscles.
There are many different methods of strength training, the most common
being the use of gravity or elastic/hydraulic forces to oppose muscle
contraction. See the resistance training article for information about
elastic/hydraulic training, but note that the terms "strength
training" and "resistance training" are often used interchangeably.
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When properly performed, strength training can provide significant
functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being
including increased bone, muscle, tendon and ligament strength and
toughness, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury,
improved cardiac function and elevated good cholesterol. Training
commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force
output of the muscle through incremental increases of weight, elastic
tension or other resistance, and uses a variety of exercises and types
of equipment to target specific muscle groups. Strength training is
primarily an anaerobic activity, although some proponents have adapted
it to provide the benefits of aerobic exercise through circuit
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Strength training differs from bodybuilding, weightlifting,
powerlifting and strongman, which are sports rather than forms of
exercise. However, participants in these and many other sports often
use strength training as part of their training regimen.

Types of strength training

1. Weight training

Weight and resistance training are popular methods of strength
training which use gravity (through weight stacks, plates or
dumbbells) or elastic/hydraulic resistance respectively to oppose
muscle contraction. Each method provides a different challenge to the
muscle relating to the position where the resistance to muscle
contraction peaks. Weight training provides the majority of the
resistance at the initiating joint angle when the movement begins,
when the muscle must overcome the inertia of the weight's mass
(however, if repetitions are performed extremely slowly, inertia is
never overcome and resistance remains constant). In contrast, elastic
resistance provides the greatest opposition to contraction at the end
of the movement when the material experiences the greatest tension
while hydraulic resistance varies depending on the speed of the
submerged limb, with greater resistance at higher speeds. In addition
to the equipment used, joint angles can alter the force output of the
muscles due to leverage and the relative overlap of actin and myosin
contractile proteins.

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